A Marine O-3 is addressed as “Major” ( O-4, equivalent to Navy Lieutenant Commander) while on board ship. Both services have the rank of captain, though it’s a junior officer rank among the Marines ( O-3, versus O-6 in the Navy). US Navy vessels often have Marines on board. I assume that one of the Captain pilots is designated as the aircraft commander… However, on some long-haul flights, due to maximum work time rules, there may be may be multiple pilots of Captain or First Officer aboard that rotate on and off duty (and may sleep in crew bunks for that purpose in long-haul aircraft). Most flights have a Captain and a First Officer aboard, with the Captain in command. Formerly, when some planes required a third pilot, there were also Second Officers (2 stripes). In civil aviation, at lease in the U.S., there are generally two “ranks” of pilots, Captain (4 stripes) and First Officer (3 stripes). I believe that the officer in charge of a merchant vessel is formally known as the “master”, but commonly referred to as the captain, or less formally, the skipper. At times, a vessel with a lower-ranking officer in command may have an officer with the rank of Captain aboard (or, indeed, an officer with the rank of Captain in a land/air service), but that officer would not be know as “the” Captain.
In naval parlance (along with the Coast Guard and similar services using naval ranks), a vessel’s commanding officer may have a rank of Captain or some other rank (Commander, Lieutenant Commander, etc.) but would known to the crew as the captain or the skipper. Skipper is an informal term for the master or commanding officer of a vessel.
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